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A Paquette Treaty/Land Acknowledgement
On occasion, Council or Committee will offer a Treaty acknowledgment to begin proceedings. This action is in response to the 94 recommendations made by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. To many, a land acknowledgment can come across as rote, as a signal of virtue, or simply checking off a box.
The words become almost like a ritual that can be anticipated and spoken, but perhaps not always really heard or understood.
So I would like to offer something a little different. I would like to give, in a brief and small way, an explanation of why we offer Treaty acknowledgements and what it actually means to me, and for all of us.
Considering we celebrate Victoria Day annually in Canada, it seems appropriate to talk about the agreements made with Canada (the British Empire) on behalf of the Crown.
To begin, the numbered Treaties in Canada were signed over a period of decades across much of this nation.
Indeed, they can be considered the founding documents of this country; they are legal apparatuses that allow Canada as we know it to exist. The Treaties were signed not in culmination of war, but as a formation and certainty of peace.
Treaty 6 was agreed to by two different peoples with two very different world views.
Municipalities, provinces, and the federal government are bound by the language of laws. The English language is a noun-based language that, by its nature, lends itself to the concept of physical, time-based ownership.
The Cree language is a verb-based language that, while certainly has nouns, is more focused on action, relationships, and an understanding of cycles and impermanence. As you can imagine, this led to two entirely different understandings of what the words of Treaty conveyed.
This difference could have led us to fundamentally important understandings of one another and concepts that could grow and strengthen relationships and, in many ways, one could argue it did. However, it also led to some of the most terrible actions we can imagine; it led to acts that produced many of the social ills we see today when we think of Canada and First Nations, Metis, and Inuit people. This was, in large part, due to the Indian Act: a rarity in that it is a solely race-based piece of legislation and a fundamental tool by which Treaties were weakened.
The following are some of the impacts of the Indian Act and it is by no means a comprehensive list —
The Indian Act:
Denied women status
Introduced residential schools
Created reserves
Renamed individuals with European names
Restricted First Nations from leaving the reserve without permission from an Indian Agent - (the pass system was a policy endorsed by the government; it was never an Order In Council or Regulation but was definitely designed to keep First Nations on the reserve)
Physically relocated reserves away from municipalities if it was deemed expedient
Denied First Nations people the right to vote
Forbade First Nations from forming political organizations
Forbade First Nations from speaking their native language
Forbade First Nations from practicing their traditional religion
Forbade western First Nations from appearing in any public dance, show, exhibition, stampede or pageant wearing traditional regalia
Declared potlatch, Sundance, and all other cultural ceremonies illegal
The Indian Act imposed great personal, economic, and cultural tragedy on First Nations. This legacy continues to affect many communities, families and individuals today.
These acts of genocide did not just occur in the past, but their echoes persist. More than half of the children in care in Canada are Indigenous. First Nations, Metis and Inuit women and girls continue to go missing in a country where they represent a small percentage of the overall population, but a disproportionately large percentage of crimes are committed against them. The majority of ills are a direct result of generations of abuse, neglect, and dishonouring of Treaty agreements at the hands of the federal government.
Many people feel resentful when they hear these sobering statistics and more. They should not. No one here is to blame.
But Canada has been the beneficiary of this colonialism and Treaty acknowledgments are one way by which we begin to heal this relationship so we might prosper together. Our yesterdays have been determined. Our tomorrows are waiting for us to decide.
I will add at this point that everything that happened was technically legal.
The law can control a person’s autonomy, it can control their body, their right to express themselves, and their freedom to live and love as they feel they should.
As I give this acknowledgement, I would ask you to reflect on the power and purpose of government, and to consider your place within it.
Treaty Acknowledgement:
We acknowledge that we are on the traditional land of Treaty 6 Territory. And I would like to acknowledge the diverse Indigenous peoples whose ancestors' footsteps have marked this territory for centuries such as: nêhiyaw, Cree, Dene, Anishinaabe, Saulteaux, Blackfoot, Nakota Sioux. We also acknowledge this as the Métis’ homeland and the home of one of the largest communities of Inuit south of the 60th parallel. It is a welcoming place for all peoples who come from around the world to share Edmonton as a home. Together we call upon all of our collective, honoured traditions and spirits to work in building a great city for today and future generations.